{"id":10307,"date":"2021-01-27T09:24:34","date_gmt":"2021-01-27T02:24:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sioniam.com\/?p=10307"},"modified":"2021-02-01T08:46:34","modified_gmt":"2021-02-01T01:46:34","slug":"le-ky-niem-91-nam-ngay-thanh-lap-dang-cong-san-viet-nam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sioniam.com\/le-ky-niem-91-nam-ngay-thanh-lap-dang-cong-san-viet-nam.html","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u00e0o m\u1eebng k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 91 n\u0103m Ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

I. \u0110CS VN RA \u0110\u1edcI L\u00c0 B\u01af\u1edaC NGO\u1eb6T L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec QUAN TR\u1eccNG TRONG S\u1ef0 NGHI\u1ec6P C\u00c1CH M\u1ea0NG VI\u1ec6T NAM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

a. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– T\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 do c\u1ea1nh tranh sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c v\u1eeba t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1eeba x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba. S\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c. M\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gay g\u1eaft. Phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– N\u0103m 1917 V\u1edbi th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin t\u1eeb l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng soi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng giai c\u1ea5p, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1919 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n (Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf III) ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– N\u0103m 1858, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, bi\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc ta t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia phong ki\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, n\u1eeda phong ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– V\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb: \u00c1p \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch cai tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n phong ki\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n; chia Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00e0nh ba x\u1ee9: B\u1eafc K\u1ef3, Trung K\u1ef3, Nam K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ed7i K\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 cai tr\u1ecb ri\u00eang. Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5u k\u1ebft v\u1edbi giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 trong vi\u1ec7c b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– V\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf: Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111o\u1ea1t ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n; \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean; x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng, b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch khai th\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– V\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a: Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 dung t\u00fang, duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a giai c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i di\u1ec5n ra ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gay g\u1eaft:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 c\u1ea5u k\u1ebft v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00fac n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u0103m gh\u00e9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n tham gia \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c giai c\u1ea5p, t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec1u mang th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u00e1p b\u1ee9c b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, ch\u00e8n \u00e9p n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u0103m ph\u1eabn th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00fac n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u1edbi giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 phong ki\u1ebfn m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gay g\u1eaft gi\u1eefa to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, do thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, thi\u1ebfu t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft n\u00ean c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u00ecm trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1eefa l\u00fac d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc theo l\u1ed1i c\u0169 th\u00ec ng\u00e0y 05 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1911, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh (t\u1ee9c Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh sau n\u00e0y) ra \u0111i t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi. V\u1edbi kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng ch\u00e1y b\u1ecfng gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 do cho d\u00e2n, cho n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p m\u1ecdi nguy hi\u1ec3m, gian kh\u1ed5, \u0111i qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ch\u00e2u Phi, ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat ra ch\u00e2n l\u00fd: Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ecdi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf ch\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1919 NGuy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh tham gia \u0110\u1ea3ng X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-Th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1919, v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi m\u1edbi l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay m\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb V\u00e9c x\u00e2y b\u1ea3n y\u00eau s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n An Nam  g\u1ed3m 8 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f2i Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1920, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc \u201c\u0110\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba\u201d c\u1ee7a L\u00eanin v\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– T\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea3ng X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p (th\u00e1ng 02 n\u0103m 1920), Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c gia nh\u1eadp Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf III (Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n do L\u00eanin s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp) v\u00e0 tham gia th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1921 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1930, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eeba ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1eeba t\u00edch c\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c \u2013 L\u00ea Nin v\u00e0o phong tr\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp trung chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, l\u1eadp ra H\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Thanh ni\u00ean (1925), t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi g\u1eedi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111i h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng (Li\u00ean X\u00f4) v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng L\u1ee5c qu\u00e2n Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u1ed1 (Trung Qu\u1ed1c).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1edd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a L\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1929, \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1930, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a 1 \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

–<\/strong>\u0110\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, ng\u00e0y 17\/6\/1929, K\u1ef3 B\u1ed9 B\u1eafc k\u1ef3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Thanh ni\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp  \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ea3ng t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.Th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1929, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed T\u1ed5ng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 K\u1ef3 b\u1ed9 Nam K\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Thanh ni\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp An Nam C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ea3ng. Ng\u00e0y 01\/01\/1930 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u01b0u t\u00fa c\u1ee7a T\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng (1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng) \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n Li\u00ean \u0110o\u00e0n \u1edf Trung K\u1ef3.Tuy nhi\u00ean \u1edf 1 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp 1 \u0110CS duy nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng chia r\u1ebd phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 06\/1 \u0111\u1ebfn 7\/2\/1930 H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh \u0110CSVN \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o C\u1eedu Long (H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng -Trung Qu\u1ed1c) d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c thay m\u1eb7t cho Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n.  Trong h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1 ra 5 \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn c\u1ea7n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, B\u1ecf m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u0169, th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh 1 \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0110CSVN. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n g\u1ed3m: Ch\u00e1nh c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eafn t\u1eaft, S\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eafn t\u1eaft, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00f3m t\u1eaft, \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 v\u1eafn t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 L\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a \u0111\/c Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c thay m\u1eb7t cho Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0110CSVN g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, binh l\u00ednh, thanh ni\u00ean, h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o b\u1ecb b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng. Trong \u0111\u00f3 Ch\u00e1nh c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eafn t\u1eaft v\u00e0 S\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eafn t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh n\u1ed9i dung c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110CSVN. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– T\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 III c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (9\/1960) \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft ngh\u1ecb l\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y 3\/2 d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch m\u1ed7i n\u0103m l\u00e0m ng\u00e0y k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110CSVN.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. \u00dd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0110CSVN v\u00e0 C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0110CSVN ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u1edbi cho c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u2013 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u b\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef3 XX. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. S\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng phu v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a L\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn s\u1ef9 ti\u00ean phong v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p, c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0110CSVN ra \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ea3ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e3 tranh th\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0m n\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i v\u1ebb vang. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. NH\u1eeeNG M\u1ed0C SON CH\u00d3I L\u1eccI V\u00c0 B\u00c0I H\u1eccC KINH NGHI\u1ec6M TR\u00caN CH\u1eb6NG \u0110\u01af\u1edcNG 91 N\u0102M VINH QUANG C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ea2NG<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n (1930 – 1945)<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    -Sau khi ra \u0111\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, gi\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi 3 cao tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a to l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    + Cao tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng 1930 – 1931 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao l\u00e0 X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft Ngh\u1ec7 T\u0129nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    + Cao tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u00f2i d\u00e2n sinh, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 (1936 – 1939).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    + Cao tr\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c d\u1eabn t\u1edbi C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m 1945 (1939 – 1945).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    – Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 tan s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n g\u1ea7n 1 tr\u0103m n\u0103m v\u00e0 l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng l\u00ean vai nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta m\u1ea5y m\u01b0\u01a1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, m\u1edf ra b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u01b0a d\u00e2n m\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u01b0\u1edbc sang k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi, k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta t\u1eeb th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ng\u00e0y 2\/9\/1945 t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ba \u0110\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch HCM \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp khai sinh ra N\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a nay l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u2013 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam ch\u00e2u \u00c1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch HCM kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201c Ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng giai c\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o m\u00e0 giai c\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o r\u1eb1ng: L\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi 15 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2. \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc (1945 – 1975)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    a. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p M\u1ef9 (1945-1954)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    – Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1945 – 1946, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, b\u1ea7u c\u1eed Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a (6\/1\/1946); x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (9\/11\/1946); ch\u0103m lo x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3i, gi\u1eb7c d\u1ed1t, gi\u1eb7c ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m; t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Nam Trung B\u1ed9 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 chi vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc; ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o, \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o. \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    – Th\u00e1ng 12\/1946, tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e3 t\u00e2m x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc ta m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u201cCh\u00fang ta th\u00e0 hy sinh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7\u201d<\/em>. B\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 \u201cl\u1eebng l\u1eaby n\u0103m ch\u00e2u, ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u\u201d<\/em>, bu\u1ed9c Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i k\u00fd k\u1ebft Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gi\u01a1nev\u01a1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    b. Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc (1954 – 1975)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    – Sau khi Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gi\u01a1nev\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft, mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfn tranh, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c kinh t\u1ebf – v\u0103n h\u00f3a, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    – \u0110\u1ea3ng ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o to\u00e0n d\u00e2n n\u00eau cao quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1nh M\u1ef9, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea7m cao khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. B\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh anh d\u0169ng ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9, gi\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i v\u1ebb vang m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, k\u1ebft th\u00fac 30 n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n Nam, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    c. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1975 \u0111\u1ebfn nay<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    – Sau chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta g\u1eb7p mu\u00f4n v\u00e0n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u1eeba ra s\u1ee9c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c kinh t\u1ebf v\u1eeba ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh hai cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ed1ng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda B\u1eafc v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Nam, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c gia; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1eadp trung l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    – Qua h\u01a1n 35 n\u0103m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi do \u0110\u1ea3ng kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh; \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kinh t\u1ebf t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. V\u0103n h\u00f3a – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3i gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quan tr\u1ecdng, s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao. Di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh; qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, an ninh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean. Quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111i v\u00e0o chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi 189 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5. D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t huy v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. \u00d0\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ea3ng, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, phong c\u00e1ch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng gia t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    T\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 I (1935) \u0110\u1ea3ng ta c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 500 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XII (2016) \u0110\u1ea3ng ta c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 4,5 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean. \u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi, tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean phong v\u00e0 t\u00ednh g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u h\u01a1n 35 n\u0103m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e0 cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    III. NH\u1eeeNG TH\u1eaeNG L\u1ee2I V\u0128 \u0110\u1ea0I C\u1ee6A NH\u00c2N D\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM D\u01af\u1edaI S\u1ef0 L\u00c3NH \u0110\u1ea0O C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ea2NG C\u1ed8NG S\u1ea2N VI\u1ec6T NAM TRONG SU\u1ed0T 91 N\u0102M QUA V\u00c0 NH\u1eeeNG B\u00c0I H\u1eccC KINH NGHI\u1ec6M<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1930 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam do Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp v\u00e0 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, gian kh\u1ed5, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua mu\u00f4n v\u00e0n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u1eed th\u00e1ch v\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong> Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945, \u0111\u1eadp tan \u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, phong ki\u1ebfn, l\u1eadp n\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, \u0111\u01b0a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Th\u1ee9 hai<\/strong>:<\/strong> Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 n\u0103m 1954, \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eafng m\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 1975, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Th\u1ee9 ba<\/strong>:<\/strong> Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea7n 90 n\u0103m qua, n\u01b0\u1edbc ta t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t x\u1ee9 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba n\u1eeda phong ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a; Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta t\u1eeb th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o, k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a, c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, c\u00f3 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    M\u1ed9t l\u00e0<\/strong>, n\u1eafm v\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i – ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd vinh quang m\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 trao l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 h\u00f4m nay v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 mai sau. \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hai nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Hai l\u00e0<\/strong>, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, do Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u00ec Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Ch\u00ednh Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m n\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 \u1edf s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Quan li\u00eau, tham nh\u0169ng, xa r\u1eddi Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4n l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ba l\u00e0,<\/strong> kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft: \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng qu\u00fd b\u00e1u v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft: \u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft – Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    B\u1ed1n l\u00e0,<\/strong> k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00fd ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 n\u00eau cao tinh th\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, ph\u00e1t huy cao \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ed9i l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tranh th\u1ee7 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    N\u0103m l\u00e0<\/strong>, s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm v\u1eefng, v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c – L\u00eanin v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, n\u00e2ng cao b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 do th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra. M\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quy lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan. Ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 l\u1edbn: sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, b\u1ec7nh quan li\u00eau v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1i ho\u00e1, bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    3.<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    – \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c; th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n, ra s\u1ee9c n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    – Gi\u1eef v\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong \u0110\u1ea3ng, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, t\u1ec7 quan li\u00eau, tham nh\u0169ng, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng chia r\u1ebd, b\u00e8 ph\u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    – \u0110\u1ea3ng ch\u0103m lo x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean trong s\u1ea1ch, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u cao theo t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh; quan t\u00e2m b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    K\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 91 n\u0103m Ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n ta v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng, trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111i t\u1eeb th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0m n\u00ean nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 t\u00edch v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0o phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, v\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. T\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea3ng quang vinh, v\u1ec1 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u1ed7i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 h\u01a1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nguy\u1ec7n \u0111i theo \u0110\u1ea3ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng trong s\u1ea1ch v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: D\u00e2n gi\u00e0u, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, v\u0103n minh, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng 1 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ed3n vinh, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ngu\u1ed3n: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    K\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 91 n\u0103m Ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n ta v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng, trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111i t\u1eeb th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0m n\u00ean nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 t\u00edch v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0o phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, v\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. T\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea3ng quang vinh, v\u1ec1 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u1ed7i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 h\u01a1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nguy\u1ec7n \u0111i theo \u0110\u1ea3ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng trong s\u1ea1ch v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: D\u00e2n gi\u00e0u, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, v\u0103n minh, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng 1 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ed3n vinh, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":10318,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":16,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","footnotes":"","_expiration-date-status":"saved","_expiration-date":0,"_expiration-date-type":"","_expiration-date-categories":[],"_expiration-date-options":[]},"categories":[279],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10307","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-su-kien"],"yoast_head":"\nCh\u00e0o m\u1eebng k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 91 n\u0103m Ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam - 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